How to ensure the safe and reliable operation of pressure vessels?

I. Strictly Implement Safe Operating Procedures

1. Certified Operators: Operators must undergo professional training, be familiar with the equipment structure, process parameters, and risk points, and obtain a special equipment operator qualification certificate before starting work.

2. Comprehensive Pre-Operation Inspection:

Inspect the vessel body for cracks, deformation, and corrosion;
Confirm that safety accessories (safety valves, pressure gauges, level gauges, etc.) are within their calibration validity period and functioning normally;
Check that valves are correctly open and closed, and that there are no leaks at connections.

3. Smooth Operation, Avoiding Shocks:

Pressure and temperature increases should be carried out slowly to prevent excessive thermal stress;
Maintain stable pressure and temperature during operation, avoiding frequent fluctuations to extend the equipment's fatigue life.

II. Strengthen Equipment Maintenance and Regular Inspection

1. Daily Maintenance Points:

Keep the outer surface of the vessel clean and promptly repair any damaged insulation layer;
Apply anti-rust grease to bolt threads to prevent seizing;
In winter, take precautions against freezing of level gauges and instrument pipes to avoid blockage.

2. Periodic Inspection and Non-Destructive Testing

Conduct internal and external inspections according to the "Rules for Periodic Inspection of Pressure Vessels"; Focus on inspecting vulnerable areas such as welds and nozzle roots, and perform radiographic or ultrasonic testing when necessary; For containers holding corrosive media, measure wall thickness changes and assess corrosion rates.

III. Strengthen Real-Time Monitoring of Operating Status

1. Process Parameter Monitoring
Monitor pressure, temperature, and liquid level in real time to ensure they are within the specified range, and adjust promptly if abnormalities are found.

2. Equipment Condition Inspection

Conduct inspections every hour or shift, checking for leaks, abnormal noises, and vibrations; Observe the integrity of flange, valve, and safety accessory connections; Check the normal operation of auxiliary equipment (such as pumps and compressors).

3. Complete and Effective Safety Accessories

Safety valves: Regularly calibrate to ensure accurate opening pressure; Pressure gauges: Accuracy not lower than 1.6 grade, regularly calibrated; Rupture discs, emergency shut-off devices, etc., should be in good standby condition.

IV. Establish an Emergency Shutdown Mechanism

Operators should immediately take emergency shutdown measures and report to relevant departments in the following situations:

Operating pressure or wall temperature exceeds the limit and cannot be controlled;
The container body exhibits bulging, cracks, or serious leakage;
Safety devices fail, connecting pipes break, or fasteners are damaged;
A fire occurs, directly threatening container safety.

V. Implement Management Systems and Personnel Training
Establish and improve job responsibility systems, inspection systems, and emergency plans;
Regularly organize emergency drills to improve the ability to handle emergencies;
Strengthen safety awareness education for operators and eliminate violations of operating procedures.