Shell and Tube Type Heat Exchanger

Introduction

Shell and tube type heat exchangers are the most widely used indirect heat exchange devices in industrial applications. They separate two fluids through the tube bundle walls, achieving efficient heat exchange. They are characterized by reliable structure, resistance to high pressure and high temperature, and easy maintenance. The main control parameters for shell and tube type heat exchangers include heating area, hot water flow rate, heat exchange capacity, and heat transfer medium parameters. Our company utilizes high-precision automated equipment to customize heat exchangers and other products to meet your needs.

Details

- Product application: Oil and gas, Refinery, Chemical, Air Compressor, etc.

- Material option: Carbon steel, Stainless steel, Cooper, Alloy, Titanium, etc.

- Main equipments: Roller, Welding Machine, Pressure testing facility, etc.

Basic Structure

1. Shell: The outer cylindrical container through which the shell-side fluid flows.

2. Tube Bundle: Multiple metal tubes (materials can be copper, stainless steel, titanium, etc.), containing the tube-side fluid.

3. Tube Sheet: Fixes the tube bundle and isolates the tube-side and shell-side fluids.

4. Header: Distributes and collects the tube-side fluid.

5. Baffles: Guide the shell-side fluid in a zigzag pattern, increasing turbulence and heat transfer coefficients while reducing tube vibration.

6. Expansion Joint: Used to compensate for thermal stress; commonly found in fixed tubesheet structures.

Working Principle

One fluid flows through the tube bundle (tube side), while another fluid flows around the tubes inside the shell (shell side). Heat is transferred through the tube walls, and baffles optimize the shell-side flow to enhance turbulence and the heat transfer coefficient. Counter-current or cross-flow arrangements maximize the logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD), thus achieving highly efficient heat exchange.

Features

1. High efficiency and energy saving.

2. All stainless steel production, long service life.

3. Compact structure, small floor space, light weight, convenient installation, saving civil construction investment.

4. Flexible design, complete specifications, strong practical pertinence, and saving money.

5. Wide range of application conditions, suitable for large pressure, temperature range and heat exchange of multiple media.

Selection and Customization Considerations

1. Fluid Properties: Corrosivity, viscosity, and solids content determine the material and flow channel layout.

2. Temperature/Pressure: High temperature and high pressure tend to favor floating head or U-tube designs; large temperature differences require heat compensation structures.

3. Cleaning Requirements: For tubes on the side prone to scaling, floating head or removable core designs facilitate mechanical cleaning.

4. Energy Saving Requirements: Employing multi-pass counter-flow, high-efficiency bellows, or internally inserted turbulent conductors improves the overall heat transfer coefficient by 30–50%.

5. Standards and Certifications: Can be designed and manufactured according to ASME VIII, TEMA, API, DNV-GL, ABS, GB151, etc., meeting classification society or pressure vessel regulations.

Application Areas

1. Chemical Industry: Used for heat recovery and management in equipment such as reactors, evaporators, and condensers.

2. Power Industry: Used in boiler and turbine cooling systems.

3. Pharmaceutical and Food Industry: Ensures product quality and safety during temperature control and heat treatment processes.

4. HVAC Systems: Used in building heating and cooling systems.

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