What are the hazards of pressure vessel overpressure?

1. Explosion: The vessel ruptures instantly, releasing enormous energy, generating a shock wave, damaging buildings and facilities, and causing casualties.

2. Leakage: Seal failure leads to the leakage of toxic, flammable, and explosive media, threatening environmental and personnel safety.

3. Secondary Explosion and Combustion: Leaked flammable media mix with air and, upon encountering an ignition source, can trigger a secondary explosion, creating a fire and expanding the hazard.

4. Media Injury: The spread of toxic media can cause poisoning, and high-temperature steam or media can cause burns.

5. Fragmentation: After the vessel ruptures, high-speed flying fragments can cause additional injuries and may damage other equipment, triggering a chain reaction of accidents.