What factors can cause pressure vessel leaks?

I. Design Defects
Improper Seal Selection: The gasket or flange selection is incompatible with the actual operating conditions. For example, using a common gasket for a highly corrosive medium.
Structural Design Issues: Failure to consider abnormal conditions such as corrosion and vibration can lead to leaks at the seals.

II. Manufacturing and Installation Issues
Welding Defects: Incomplete penetration and slag inclusions can directly cause leaks.
Rough Sealing Surface Machining: Improper installation or uneven gaps in the seals can also cause leaks.

III. Operational Errors
Insufficient Lubrication: Wear and tear on the equipment can easily lead to leaks.
Unstable Operation: Drastic changes in temperature and pressure can cause the medium to vaporize or welds to crack.

IV. Materials and Corrosion
Localized Corrosion: Corrosive media or environmental factors can cause the vessel wall to thin and perforate.
Material Fatigue: Long-term use can lead to decreased strength and cracks.

V. Environment and Vibration
Frequent Vibration: Frequent vibration can cause cracks in pressure-bearing components.

Loose expansion joint: The expansion joint is loose or the welded joint is leaking.